To work on any CPU, you will want to build a RhinoCommon plug-in. RhinoCommon plug-in’s are based on .NET, and .NET assemblies are compiled “just in time”, so you don’t need to target any specific platform.
RhinoCommon plug-ins for Rhino 5 use the .NET Framework 4.0. So you can use newer Visual Studios, as long as your plug-in project targets this framework and references the Rhino 5 .NET assemblies. You can also just use this Nuget package.
You’ll have to do some project file massaging to set up for different Rhino versions, but it is possible.
You can directly edit the csproj file in a text editor. Using a mixture of well placed conditionals and configurations you can tweak the values of different settings as necessary, like referencing specific nuget packages etc.