Thank you for your advice on this. @stevebaer @CallumSykes
@jnash and I have had another look at this.
We have a work around which will get us by for now.
At present SVG export via RhinoCommon has no control over the exported area of the document nor the destination page size in SVG.
However, if you can scale your document geometry to -20,-20 > 20,20
you can export the whole geometry and then modify resulting SVG Width/Height and viewbox dimensions you can achieve correct exports (scale factor is 60).
Here is a Script which demonstrates the workaround.
using System;
using System.IO;
using Rhino;
using Rhino.Geometry;
// create a new doc headless
var doc = RhinoDoc.CreateHeadless(null);
// create geometry between -20,-20 and 20,20
doc.Objects.AddLine(new Line(new Point3d(-20, 20,0), new Point3d(20, 0 ,0)));
doc.Objects.AddLine(new Line(new Point3d(-20, 0 ,0), new Point3d(20, 20,0)));
doc.Objects.AddLine(new Line(new Point3d(-20,-20,0), new Point3d(20, 0 ,0)));
doc.Objects.AddLine(new Line(new Point3d(-20, 0 ,0), new Point3d(20,-20,0)));
doc.Objects.AddCircle(new Rhino.Geometry.Circle(Point3d.Origin,20));
var outputFolder = @"C:\Temp\"; // check this exists on disk
Directory.CreateDirectory(outputFolder);
// 3dm exports perfectly
doc.Export(Path.Combine(outputFolder,"test.3dm"));
// svg export is scaled by 60 from -20,-20 > 20,20 to 0,0 > 2400,2400
// There is no control via RhinoCommon for these bounding boxes or scaling.
doc.Export(Path.Combine(outputFolder,"test.svg"));

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg version="1.1" width="2400pt" height="2400pt" viewBox="0 0 2400 2400" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<defs />
<g id="Default">
<path d="M0.48,2399.52 L2399.52,1200" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4.1666665" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none" />
<path d="M0.48,1200 L2399.52,0.48" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4.1666665" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none" />
<path d="M0.48,0.48 L2399.52,1200" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4.1666665" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none" />
<circle cx="1200" cy="1200" r="1200" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4.167" fill="none" />
<path d="M0.48,1200 L2399.52,2399.52" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4.1666665" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none" />
</g>
</svg>
It would be great to have Code Driven Export for SVG down the road but this will work for now.