It seems like a combination of Layer States and Grasshopper Previews would do something similar.
You make a good comparison with Revit & Airtable, both are relational databases where Rhino is fundamentally not. There are constraints imposed by going the database route, more rules, less flexibility.
There is 3rd party work in that regard being done by AntFarm AntFarm - data management for Rhino and GH - Pre-Release out now