Well, just to muddy the waters here, the ‘old’ definition of ‘justified’ (when I was learning some typography) was a block of type that was aligned both left and right. To do this you need to vary the letter spacing so that the line length is equal. Newspaper columns (if any of you remember what newspapers are any more) are still that way. Word processing and publishing programs do this… for example, Word:
Now these days we have left, right and center ‘justification’, but they really are ‘alignment’. Rhino is incapable of doing a word-processor, page layout style of ‘justify’ where it varies the letter spacing to make everything line up.
" Some modern typesetting programs offer four justification options: left justify , right justify , center justify and full justify ." from this wikipedia page. The use of the term Justification is thus quite justified.
Sure, languages are always going to be a touchy subject, it’ll be down to who you ask. Minority languages have to fight hard for getting recognition - same as with Flemish, which can be considered either a dialect or a language.
Any information you find anywhere you should always regard critically. But we’re getting off on a tangent here now (:
Wordperfect at least used (uses?) Justification but that was a long time ago I last used Wordperfect.
Yeah. This is probably one of those instances in English where the same word is, for some long-lost historical reason, used for two pretty unrelated or loosely-related things. Does Bulgarian have those? In any case, I suspect that Bulgarian must have a word to use when translating the typography related meaning of the English word “justify”.
Justification has been the preferred setting of type in many Western languages through the history of movable type. This is due to the classic Western manuscript book page being built of a column or two columns, which is considered to look “best” if it is even-margined on the left and right. The classical Western column did not rigorously justify, but came as close as feasible when the skill of the penman and the character of the manuscript permitted. Historically, both scribal and typesetting traditions took advantage of abbreviations (sigla), ligatures, and swash to help maintain the rhythm and colour of a justified line.
Its use has only waned somewhat since the early 20th century through the advocacy of the typographer Jan Tschichold’s book Asymmetric Typography and the freer typographic treatment of the Bauhaus, Dada, and Russian constructivist movements.
Not all “flush left” settings in traditional typography were identical. In flush left text, words are separated on a line by the default word space built into the font.
Continuous casting typesetting systems such as the Linotype were able to reduce the jaggedness of the right-hand sides of adjacent lines of flush left composition by inserting self-adjusting space bands between words to evenly distribute white space, taking excessive space that would have occurred at the end of the line and redistributing it between words. This feature is also available in desktop publishing systems, although most now default to more sophisticated approaches.
Graphic designers and typesetters using desktop systems also have the option, though rarely used, to adjust word and letter spacing, or “tracking”, on a manual line-by-line basis to achieve more even overall spacing. Some modern desktop publishing programs, such as Adobe InDesign, evaluate the effects of all the different possible line-break choices on the entire paragraph, to choose the one that creates the least variance from the ideal spacing while justifying the lines (so as to reduce rivers); this also gives the least uneven edge when set with a ragged margin.
Well, yeah, but Justification is the historic term. However, we could also take a page from the French translation of Rhino which instead of the historic term ‘Loft’ uses ‘Surface par sections’ - Surface by sections - which actually better describes what it does.
Yep, it was the building where the ships were laid out. As a naval architect you should know that!
As ship design evolved from craft to science, designers learned various ways to produce long curves on a flat surface. Generating and drawing such curves became a part of ship lofting; “lofting” means drawing full-sized patterns, so called because it was often done in large, lightly constructed mezzanines or lofts above the factory floor.
, this is a region influenced by many cultures before and after the Ottoman Conquest of Bulgaria.