What math behind such seashells?

Here is a paper on it: Study of shell shapes

And a good thread with tools: [SOLVED] Creating sea shell

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Thank you for your reply. Having Scott Davidson is my honour. Your grasshopper is genius. what do you think how to use grasshopper to make sea urchin shell like in this picture?
240px-Phyllacanthus_imperialis_test

Looks like circle packing with fractal spirals. https://www.grasshopper3d.com/m/photo?id=2985220%3APhoto%3A690099&context=latest