V5–V6 difference with text selection: desired behavior or bug?

  1. To go top view
  2. Create a text object
  3. Select the text object
  4. Go to Front view
  5. “ZOOM SELECTED”

In Rhino 6, nothing happens and you get the message
“Unable to zoom - no objects are selected.”

In your step 4, are you clicking the Front view viewport name to make it current before running Zoom Selected?
V6 Mac is working as expected for me.

Yes.

In fact, I cannot select text from a view perpendicular to the orientation of the text.

Correct. Annotation text is a 2D object and occluded from the display when viewed from the edge.
To do what you described, you need to have a 3d object that is displayed in both views.