No. Unless all photos are taken from the same distance from the object and scaling grid, so that you could assume a scaling value. Grasshopper would have to be able to read the bitmap display of the gridlines as geometry, and it can’t do that.
You’re unlikely to have automatic recognition, but you could still optimise it - if you had a text file with the rectangle dimensions, you could read those alongside the bitmaps or alternatively you could save the dimensions in the file path and read them from there?
For that you will need additional components that I don’t know if they do exist. There are also some components to manipulate images in the “Bitmap” components.
Maybe will be easier to get in contact to the authors of Javid and Bitmap components and ask them if theirs components can do this or maybe they can develop some component to do the feature recognition.
P.S: Found something that can help-you. You need to install the Wizard components:
If you can extract a shape representing the Marble piece, after that you can apply a BoundingBox to that shape, deconstruct the BoundingBox and get the lower-left corner and the size of the part you want to crop, and from there will be easier to create the rest of your workflow.