I assume you are using the BooleanDifference command. In that command do you have DeleteInput=Yes or DeleteInput=No? If DeleteInput=No then the original object remains and a copy is created for the difference. In the Rendered display mode (and other modes depending on the specific options selected) the original, untrimmed object will be visible and it will appear that the BooleanDifference did not work.
If this is the problem click the check mark for problem solved. Otherwise upload a .3dm file with both the input and cutter geometry.
I think David gave you good advice here. It looks like your Booleans are left over and you have the structure duplicated many times and they all sit in the same location.
I selected the block and hid that and then moved a poly surface it shows the oculus in rendered mode. Not sure what you really want but there are other ways to build this using revolve and history will allow to change dome properties latter on.
I attached your file that I changed a bit to get it to show in rendered view mode.
I attached another file that demonstrates another way of building this type of dome without Booleans.